His Life and Legacy — More Myth than Reality? Augustus was instrumental in creating the Rome we know today and despite Tacitus’ feelings otherwise, the time has come to regard Augustus for what he was: the great savior of Rome. Despite his arrogance and early displays of bloodlust, Augustus was far from a power-hungry killer…
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Cicero and the Roman Ideal of Governorship
Governing the province of Cilicia from 51–50 BC, Cicero offers an example of what appears to be the idealistic Roman view of governorship. Cicero’s task was significant, especially against a looming war with the Parthians. Still, Cicero is perhaps the model Roman governor. One can only hope that subsequent governors learned from his example. Throughout…
Impiety in Ancient Greek Religion
What can we learn from this practice? Homer and Herodotus provide an excellent window into the ancient Greek view of impiety. The ancient Greeks believed pious behavior was essential to everyday life. Impiety is having a lack of reverence for the gods. In both Homer’s and Herodotus’ works, impiety is punished by the gods. In Herodotus, however, some…
The Assasination of Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was seemingly a “benevolent dictator,” wasn’t he? He was what Rome needed after nearly a century of strife. Despite Caesar’s pompous attitude, assassination is never justified. His compassion, expansion of the Senate, and strict adherence to elections for plebian office demonstrated a desire to serve the people of Rome and not merely…
The Sicilian Slave Revolts of Ancient Rome
What we can learn from the Servile Wars The slave revolts or First and Second Servile Wars in Sicily during the 130s BC and again in 104 BC were widespread and brutal. Sicily had become a vital agricultural colony for the Roman Republic following the Punic Wars. As such, many Romans and Italians owned property there and…
The Mad King Cleomenes
Well before the events that spawned the film 300, Cleomenes I reigned over Sparta. He is one of the most interesting characters in Spartan history. He reigned in Sparta from 524–490 BCE and was succeeded by the famous Leonidas I of Thermopylae fame. A rightful heir to the Spartan throne, he may have never been the best…
The Surrender of Pactyes
Tough Decisions in the face of Cyrus the Great Pactyes was a Lydian in charge of the civil administration of government in Sardis, present-day Turkey. How much can we trust Herodotus to tell the whole story? Nevertheless, this is one of the difficult decisions made in the face of overwhelming power. Pactyes journeyed throughout ancient…
Rome, Carthage, and a few Punic War Hypotheticals
What if things had turned out slightly different? Could Hannibal have secured victory? During two successive wars, it is likely that Rome’s victories were unavoidable. Carthage was predominantly unable to overcome Roman military power due to its inability to comprehend Roman resolve. During the first war, it was unfathomable at the onset to see Rome as…
Sulla: The False Savior of the Roman Republic
Many regard Sulla as the savior of the Roman republic. However, that is incorrect. Before his reign, Sulla marched his Army on Rome itself twice and established himself as a dictator, and in so doing challenged Roman Mos Maiorum. As dictator, Sulla gained control through a reign of terror that had not existed in Rome since the…
Philip, Greater Than Alexander?
Father really did know best Alexander was a great military mind who expanded his empire and Greek influence further than anyone could have imagined. He was brilliant, charismatic, and aggressive; however, he owes his success to his father. Without a visionary father, Alexander would not have enjoyed the overwhelming success that defines him. While the…